What is Autism?

A Spectrum Disorder refers to a disorder in which symptoms and characteristics present themselves in a variety of combinations, ranging from extremely mild to quite severe.The developmental disorders and the accompanying brief descriptions listed below are a sampling of spectrum disorders.

ADHD

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a relatively common developmental and behavioral disorder characterized by lack of impulse control, difficulty concentrating and hyperactivity. Individuals with ADHD are often distracted by sights and sounds in their environment, and have a tendency to daydream. Diagnosis occurs after a person has shown some or all of the symptoms on a consistent basis for at least six months.

Downs Syndrome

Downs Syndrome is caused by chromosomal abnormalities in which a critical portion of the number 21 chromosome is present in all, or some, of their cells, whereby, altering the course of development and causing characteristics associated with the syndrome. It is the most common occurring genetic condition. Among the most common traits of a person with Downs Syndrome are low muscle tone, flat facial profiles, an upward slant to the eyes, and an abnormal shape to the ear. Individuals with Downs Syndrome often receive developmental support in the form of occupational therapy, speech therapy and physiotherapy.

Brain Injured

Approximately 2% of the United States population lives with disabilities resulting from a traumatic brain injury. The brain can receive several types of injuries depending on the type of force and the amount of force that impacts the head. The severity of brain injuries and the cause of brain injuries vary, therefore, appropriate treatment for individuals afflicted with brain injuries will vary and may change throughout their lifespan.

PKU

PKU (Phenylketonuria) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by an inability of the body to utilize the essential amino acid, phenylalanine. PKU is inherited through recessive genes in which both parents are carriers but display no symptoms of the condition. PKU is typically tested in newborns and is treatable. However, if left untreated, severe brain problems can occur in individuals with PKU, such as mental retardation and seizures. The goal of treatment is to maintain an appropriate blood level of phenylalanine.

Rett Syndrome

A relatively rare developmental disability, Rett syndrome affects one out of 10,000 to 15,000 females. After a period of normal development, between the ages of six months and 18 months, autism-like symptoms emerge. The very young female's mental and social development then regresses, where she longer responds to parental or social figures.Moreover, with Rett Syndrome, affected females regularly stop talking, can't control their feet, and wring their hands. Fortunately, some problems associated with this condition - like coordination, movement, and speech problems - can be treated via physical, occupational and speech therapy. Scientists sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development recently discovered that a mutation in the sequence of a single gene can cause Rett syndrome. This discovery may help doctors slow or stop the syndrome's current progress and may also lead to screening methods that should facilitate earlier and more efficient treatment.

Severe Disabilities in General

Individuals with severe disabilities often retain extremely high activity levels and frequently exhibit unpredictable behaviors in social interaction. They also show a significant lack of independence with their communication and personal care.